diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab05f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# ─── PostgreSQL ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+DB_HOST=localhost
+DB_PORT=5432
+DB_NAME=calendar_run
+DB_USER=calendar_user
+DB_PASSWORD=calendar_pass
+
+# ─── Backend API ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Port the API server listens on
+API_PORT=3001
+
+# ─── CORS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Allowed origin for the frontend (Vite dev server default)
+CORS_ORIGIN=http://localhost:5173
+
+# ─── Frontend (Vite) ─────────────────────────────────────────
+# Public URL of the API, used in SPA code via import.meta.env
+VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://localhost:3001
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa0926a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+node_modules/
+dist/
+.env
+*.log
diff --git a/backend/migrations/001_create_races.sql b/backend/migrations/001_create_races.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc46187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/migrations/001_create_races.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS races (
+  id               TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+  race_date        DATE         NOT NULL,
+  title            TEXT         NOT NULL,
+  distance_km      NUMERIC(6,3) NOT NULL,
+  status           TEXT         CHECK (status IN ('planned', 'completed')),
+  official_url     TEXT,
+  start_time       TEXT,
+  cluster_schedule TEXT,
+  bib_pickup       TEXT,
+  bib_number       TEXT,
+  finish_time      TEXT,
+  notes            TEXT,
+  created_at       TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+  updated_at       TIMESTAMPTZ
+);
diff --git a/backend/package-lock.json b/backend/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cae516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1360 @@
+{
+  "name": "calendar-run-backend",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
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+        "@types/express": "^5.0.0",
+        "@types/node": "^22.12.0",
+        "@types/pg": "^8.11.10",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peer": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.17"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/undici-types": {
+      "version": "6.21.0",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/unpipe": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/unpipe/-/unpipe-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pjy2bYhSsufwWlKwPc+l3cN7+wuJlK6uz0YdJEOlQDbl6jo/YlPi4mb8agUkVC8BF7V8NuzeyPNqRksA3hztKQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/utils-merge": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/utils-merge/-/utils-merge-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pMZTvIkT1d+TFGvDOqodOclx0QWkkgi6Tdoa8gC8ffGAAqz9pzPTZWAybbsHHoED/ztMtkv/VoYTYyShUn81hA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.4.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/v8-compile-cache-lib": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/v8-compile-cache-lib/-/v8-compile-cache-lib-3.0.1.tgz",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/vary": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vary/-/vary-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BNGbWLfd0eUPabhkXUVm0j8uuvREyTh5ovRa/dyow/BqAbZJyC+5fU+IzQOzmAKzYqYRAISoRhdQr3eIZ/PXqg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/xtend": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xtend/-/xtend-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LKYU1iAXJXUgAXn9URjiu+MWhyUXHsvfp7mcuYm9dSUKK0/CjtrUwFAxD82/mCWbtLsGjFIad0wIsod4zrTAEQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/yn": {
+      "version": "3.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yn/-/yn-3.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Ux4ygGWsu2c7isFWe8Yu1YluJmqVhxqK2cLXNQA5AcC3QfbGNpM7fu0Y8b/z16pXLnFxZYvWhd3fhBY9DLmC6Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/package.json b/backend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c34eded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+  "name": "calendar-run-backend",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "dev": "ts-node src/index.ts",
+    "start": "node dist/index.js",
+    "db:migrate": "ts-node src/migrate.ts",
+    "seed": "ts-node src/seed.ts"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "cors": "^2.8.5",
+    "csv-parse": "^5.6.0",
+    "dotenv": "^16.4.7",
+    "express": "^4.21.2",
+    "pg": "^8.13.1"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/cors": "^2.8.17",
+    "@types/express": "^5.0.0",
+    "@types/node": "^22.12.0",
+    "@types/pg": "^8.11.10",
+    "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
+    "typescript": "^5.7.3"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/config.ts b/backend/src/config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a8e420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import path from "path";
+import dotenv from "dotenv";
+
+dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../../.env") });
+
+function requireEnv(name: string): string {
+  const value = process.env[name];
+  if (!value) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing required environment variable: ${name}`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+export const config = {
+  db: {
+    host: requireEnv("DB_HOST"),
+    port: parseInt(requireEnv("DB_PORT"), 10),
+    database: requireEnv("DB_NAME"),
+    user: requireEnv("DB_USER"),
+    password: requireEnv("DB_PASSWORD"),
+  },
+  apiPort: parseInt(process.env.API_PORT || "3001", 10),
+  corsOrigin: process.env.CORS_ORIGIN || "http://localhost:5173",
+};
diff --git a/backend/src/db.ts b/backend/src/db.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..496f546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/db.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Pool, PoolConfig } from "pg";
+import { config } from "./config";
+
+const poolConfig: PoolConfig = {
+  host: config.db.host,
+  port: config.db.port,
+  database: config.db.database,
+  user: config.db.user,
+  password: config.db.password,
+  max: 10,
+  idleTimeoutMillis: 30_000,
+  connectionTimeoutMillis: 5_000,
+};
+
+export const pool = new Pool(poolConfig);
+
+pool.on("error", (err) => {
+  console.error("[db] Unexpected pool error:", err.message);
+});
+
+export async function checkDbConnection(): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    const client = await pool.connect();
+    client.release();
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/index.ts b/backend/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7fdd5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import express from "express";
+import cors from "cors";
+import { config } from "./config";
+import healthRouter from "./routes/health";
+import racesRouter from "./routes/races";
+
+const app = express();
+
+app.use(cors({ origin: config.corsOrigin, methods: ["GET", "POST", "PATCH", "DELETE"] }));
+app.use(express.json());
+
+app.use(healthRouter);
+app.use(racesRouter);
+
+app.listen(config.apiPort, () => {
+  console.log(`[api] Listening on http://localhost:${config.apiPort}`);
+  console.log(`[api] CORS origin: ${config.corsOrigin}`);
+});
diff --git a/backend/src/mappers/race.ts b/backend/src/mappers/race.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b702c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/mappers/race.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/** Row shape returned by PostgreSQL (snake_case). */
+export interface RaceRow {
+  id: string;
+  race_date: string;
+  title: string;
+  distance_km: string;
+  status: string | null;
+  official_url: string | null;
+  start_time: string | null;
+  cluster_schedule: string | null;
+  bib_pickup: string | null;
+  bib_number: string | null;
+  finish_time: string | null;
+  notes: string | null;
+  created_at: string;
+  updated_at: string | null;
+}
+
+/** API shape (camelCase). */
+export interface RaceDto {
+  id: string;
+  date: string;
+  title: string;
+  distanceKm: number;
+  status: string | null;
+  officialUrl: string | null;
+  startTime: string | null;
+  clusterSchedule: string | null;
+  bibPickup: string | null;
+  bibNumber: string | null;
+  finishTime: string | null;
+  notes: string | null;
+  createdAt: string;
+  updatedAt: string | null;
+}
+
+/** Convert a DB row to the API DTO (camelCase). */
+export function rowToDto(row: RaceRow): RaceDto {
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    date: row.race_date,
+    title: row.title,
+    distanceKm: parseFloat(row.distance_km),
+    status: row.status,
+    officialUrl: row.official_url,
+    startTime: row.start_time,
+    clusterSchedule: row.cluster_schedule,
+    bibPickup: row.bib_pickup,
+    bibNumber: row.bib_number,
+    finishTime: row.finish_time,
+    notes: row.notes,
+    createdAt: row.created_at,
+    updatedAt: row.updated_at,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Map incoming camelCase body fields to snake_case column names. */
+const FIELD_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
+  date: "race_date",
+  title: "title",
+  distanceKm: "distance_km",
+  status: "status",
+  officialUrl: "official_url",
+  startTime: "start_time",
+  clusterSchedule: "cluster_schedule",
+  bibPickup: "bib_pickup",
+  bibNumber: "bib_number",
+  finishTime: "finish_time",
+  notes: "notes",
+};
+
+/**
+ * Convert a partial camelCase body into { columns, values, placeholders }
+ * suitable for SQL INSERT / UPDATE.
+ */
+export function bodyToColumns(body: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  const columns: string[] = [];
+  const values: unknown[] = [];
+
+  for (const [camel, snake] of Object.entries(FIELD_MAP)) {
+    if (camel in body) {
+      columns.push(snake);
+      values.push(body[camel]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { columns, values };
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/migrate.ts b/backend/src/migrate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcbafba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/migrate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+import { pool } from "./db";
+
+async function migrate() {
+  console.log("[migrate] Running migrations…");
+
+  const migrationsDir = path.resolve(__dirname, "../migrations");
+  const files = fs.readdirSync(migrationsDir).filter((f) => f.endsWith(".sql")).sort();
+
+  const client = await pool.connect();
+  try {
+    await client.query(`
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS _migrations (
+        filename TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+        applied_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+      )
+    `);
+
+    for (const file of files) {
+      const { rowCount } = await client.query(
+        "SELECT 1 FROM _migrations WHERE filename = $1",
+        [file],
+      );
+      if (rowCount && rowCount > 0) {
+        console.log(`[migrate] Already applied: ${file}`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const sql = fs.readFileSync(path.join(migrationsDir, file), "utf-8");
+      await client.query(sql);
+      await client.query("INSERT INTO _migrations (filename) VALUES ($1)", [file]);
+      console.log(`[migrate] Applied: ${file}`);
+    }
+
+    console.log("[migrate] Done.");
+  } finally {
+    client.release();
+    await pool.end();
+  }
+}
+
+migrate().catch((err) => {
+  console.error("[migrate] FAILED:", err.message);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/backend/src/routes/health.ts b/backend/src/routes/health.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3416d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/routes/health.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { Router, Request, Response } from "express";
+import { checkDbConnection } from "../db";
+
+const router = Router();
+
+router.get("/health", (_req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  res.json({ status: "ok" });
+});
+
+router.get("/ready", async (_req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  const dbOk = await checkDbConnection();
+  if (dbOk) {
+    res.json({ status: "ready", db: "connected" });
+  } else {
+    res.status(503).json({ error: "database_unavailable", db: "disconnected" });
+  }
+});
+
+export default router;
diff --git a/backend/src/routes/races.ts b/backend/src/routes/races.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2acea41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/routes/races.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import { Router, Request, Response } from "express";
+import { pool } from "../db";
+import { rowToDto, bodyToColumns, RaceRow } from "../mappers/race";
+
+const router = Router();
+
+function dbError(res: Response) {
+  res.status(503).json({ error: "database_unavailable" });
+}
+
+/* ─── GET /races ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+router.get("/races", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  try {
+    const { year, month } = req.query;
+    const conditions: string[] = [];
+    const params: unknown[] = [];
+    let idx = 1;
+
+    if (year) {
+      conditions.push(`EXTRACT(YEAR FROM race_date) = $${idx++}`);
+      params.push(Number(year));
+    }
+    if (month) {
+      conditions.push(`EXTRACT(MONTH FROM race_date) = $${idx++}`);
+      params.push(Number(month));
+    }
+
+    const where = conditions.length ? `WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}` : "";
+    const sql = `SELECT * FROM races ${where} ORDER BY race_date ASC`;
+    const { rows } = await pool.query<RaceRow>(sql, params);
+
+    res.json(rows.map(rowToDto));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("[GET /races]", err);
+    dbError(res);
+  }
+});
+
+/* ─── GET /races/:id ──────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+router.get("/races/:id", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query<RaceRow>(
+      "SELECT * FROM races WHERE id = $1",
+      [req.params.id],
+    );
+    if (rows.length === 0) {
+      res.status(404).json({ error: "not_found" });
+      return;
+    }
+    res.json(rowToDto(rows[0]));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("[GET /races/:id]", err);
+    dbError(res);
+  }
+});
+
+/* ─── POST /races ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+router.post("/races", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  const body = req.body;
+
+  if (!body.id || !body.date || !body.title || body.distanceKm == null) {
+    res.status(400).json({
+      error: "validation_error",
+      details: ["Fields id, date, title, distanceKm are required"],
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const { columns, values } = bodyToColumns(body);
+  columns.unshift("id");
+  values.unshift(body.id);
+
+  const placeholders = values.map((_, i) => `$${i + 1}`).join(", ");
+  const sql = `INSERT INTO races (${columns.join(", ")}) VALUES (${placeholders}) RETURNING *`;
+
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query<RaceRow>(sql, values);
+    res.status(201).json(rowToDto(rows[0]));
+  } catch (err: any) {
+    if (err.code === "23505") {
+      res.status(409).json({ error: "conflict", details: ["Race with this id already exists"] });
+      return;
+    }
+    console.error("[POST /races]", err);
+    dbError(res);
+  }
+});
+
+/* ─── PATCH /races/:id ────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+router.patch("/races/:id", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  const { columns, values } = bodyToColumns(req.body);
+
+  if (columns.length === 0) {
+    res.status(400).json({
+      error: "validation_error",
+      details: ["No updatable fields provided"],
+    });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const sets = columns.map((col, i) => `${col} = $${i + 1}`);
+  sets.push(`updated_at = NOW()`);
+  values.push(req.params.id);
+  const sql = `UPDATE races SET ${sets.join(", ")} WHERE id = $${values.length} RETURNING *`;
+
+  try {
+    const { rows } = await pool.query<RaceRow>(sql, values);
+    if (rows.length === 0) {
+      res.status(404).json({ error: "not_found" });
+      return;
+    }
+    res.json(rowToDto(rows[0]));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("[PATCH /races/:id]", err);
+    dbError(res);
+  }
+});
+
+/* ─── DELETE /races/:id ───────────────────────────────────── */
+
+router.delete("/races/:id", async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+  try {
+    const { rowCount } = await pool.query(
+      "DELETE FROM races WHERE id = $1",
+      [req.params.id],
+    );
+    if (rowCount === 0) {
+      res.status(404).json({ error: "not_found" });
+      return;
+    }
+    res.status(204).end();
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("[DELETE /races/:id]", err);
+    dbError(res);
+  }
+});
+
+export default router;
diff --git a/backend/src/seed.ts b/backend/src/seed.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ee6935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/seed.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+import { parse } from "csv-parse/sync";
+import { pool } from "./db";
+
+interface CsvRow {
+  date: string;
+  month: string;
+  day: string;
+  event: string;
+  distance_km: string;
+}
+
+function slugify(text: string): string {
+  return text
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/[«»"]/g, "")
+    .replace(/[^a-zа-яё0-9]+/gi, "-")
+    .replace(/(^-|-$)/g, "")
+    .substring(0, 60);
+}
+
+function makeId(date: string, title: string): string {
+  return `${date}-${slugify(title)}`;
+}
+
+async function seed() {
+  const csvPath = path.resolve(__dirname, "../../import/races_2026_calendar.csv");
+  if (!fs.existsSync(csvPath)) {
+    console.error(`[seed] CSV not found: ${csvPath}`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  const raw = fs.readFileSync(csvPath, "utf-8");
+  const records: CsvRow[] = parse(raw, {
+    columns: true,
+    skip_empty_lines: true,
+    trim: true,
+  });
+
+  console.log(`[seed] Parsed ${records.length} rows from CSV`);
+
+  const client = await pool.connect();
+  try {
+    for (const row of records) {
+      const id = makeId(row.date, row.event);
+      const distanceKm = parseFloat(row.distance_km);
+
+      await client.query(
+        `INSERT INTO races (id, race_date, title, distance_km, status)
+         VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)
+         ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET
+           race_date    = EXCLUDED.race_date,
+           title        = EXCLUDED.title,
+           distance_km  = EXCLUDED.distance_km,
+           status       = EXCLUDED.status,
+           updated_at   = NOW()`,
+        [id, row.date, row.event, distanceKm, "planned"],
+      );
+
+      console.log(`[seed] Upserted: ${id}`);
+    }
+
+    console.log("[seed] Done.");
+  } finally {
+    client.release();
+    await pool.end();
+  }
+}
+
+seed().catch((err) => {
+  console.error("[seed] FAILED:", err.message);
+  process.exit(1);
+});
diff --git a/backend/tsconfig.json b/backend/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cca939d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2022",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "lib": ["ES2022"],
+    "outDir": "dist",
+    "rootDir": "src",
+    "strict": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "declaration": true,
+    "declarationMap": true,
+    "sourceMap": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
+}
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a534d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+version: "3.9"
+
+services:
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:16-alpine
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "${DB_PORT:-5432}:5432"
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: ${DB_NAME:-calendar_run}
+      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USER:-calendar_user}
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD:-calendar_pass}
+    volumes:
+      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+
+volumes:
+  pgdata:
diff --git a/docs/backend-api-for-frontend.md b/docs/backend-api-for-frontend.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..316394d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/backend-api-for-frontend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+# Backend API — шпаргалка для фронтенда
+
+## 1. Base URL
+
+```
+VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://localhost:3001
+```
+
+В коде SPA: `import.meta.env.VITE_API_BASE_URL`.
+
+## 2. CORS
+
+В dev-режиме бэкенд ожидает переменную:
+
+```
+CORS_ORIGIN=http://localhost:5173
+```
+
+Разрешены методы `GET`, `POST`, `PATCH`, `DELETE` и заголовок `Content-Type: application/json`.
+
+## 3. Эндпоинты
+
+### `GET /health`
+
+Liveness-проверка (без обращения к БД).
+
+**Ответ 200:**
+
+```json
+{ "status": "ok" }
+```
+
+---
+
+### `GET /ready`
+
+Readiness-проверка (проверяет подключение к БД).
+
+**Ответ 200:**
+
+```json
+{ "status": "ready", "db": "connected" }
+```
+
+**Ответ 503:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "database_unavailable", "db": "disconnected" }
+```
+
+---
+
+### `GET /races`
+
+Список забегов, отсортированных по дате.
+
+**Query-параметры (опциональные):**
+
+| Параметр | Тип | Описание |
+|---|---|---|
+| `year` | number | Фильтр по году (напр. `2026`) |
+| `month` | number | Фильтр по месяцу (1–12) |
+
+- Без параметров — возвращает все забеги.
+- Можно указать только `year`, только `month` или оба.
+- `month` без `year` фильтрует по месяцу **всех** лет.
+
+**Пример запроса:**
+
+```
+GET /races?year=2026&month=5
+```
+
+**Ответ 200:**
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "id": "2026-05-03-kazanskii-marafon",
+    "date": "2026-05-03",
+    "title": "Казанский марафон",
+    "distanceKm": 42.195,
+    "status": "planned",
+    "officialUrl": null,
+    "startTime": null,
+    "clusterSchedule": null,
+    "bibPickup": null,
+    "bibNumber": null,
+    "finishTime": null,
+    "notes": null,
+    "createdAt": "2026-03-31T12:00:00.000Z",
+    "updatedAt": null
+  }
+]
+```
+
+---
+
+### `GET /races/:id`
+
+Одна запись по `id`.
+
+**Ответ 200:** объект `Race` (см. модель ниже).
+
+**Ответ 404:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "not_found" }
+```
+
+---
+
+### `POST /races`
+
+Создание забега.
+
+**Тело запроса (JSON):**
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "2026-06-01-my-race",
+  "date": "2026-06-01",
+  "title": "Мой забег",
+  "distanceKm": 10,
+  "status": "planned",
+  "officialUrl": "https://example.com",
+  "startTime": "09:30",
+  "clusterSchedule": null,
+  "bibPickup": null,
+  "bibNumber": null,
+  "finishTime": null,
+  "notes": null
+}
+```
+
+**Обязательные поля:** `id`, `date`, `title`, `distanceKm`.
+
+**Ответ 201:** созданный объект `Race`.
+
+**Ответ 400:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "validation_error", "details": ["Fields id, date, title, distanceKm are required"] }
+```
+
+**Ответ 409:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "conflict", "details": ["Race with this id already exists"] }
+```
+
+---
+
+### `PATCH /races/:id`
+
+Частичное обновление — передавать **только** изменяемые поля.
+
+**Тело запроса (JSON):**
+
+```json
+{
+  "finishTime": "1:45:30",
+  "bibNumber": "1234",
+  "status": "completed"
+}
+```
+
+**Допустимые поля:** `date`, `title`, `distanceKm`, `status`, `officialUrl`, `startTime`, `clusterSchedule`, `bibPickup`, `bibNumber`, `finishTime`, `notes`.
+
+**Ответ 200:** обновлённый объект `Race`.
+
+**Ответ 400:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "validation_error", "details": ["No updatable fields provided"] }
+```
+
+**Ответ 404:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "not_found" }
+```
+
+---
+
+### `DELETE /races/:id`
+
+Удаление забега.
+
+**Ответ 204:** пустое тело.
+
+**Ответ 404:**
+
+```json
+{ "error": "not_found" }
+```
+
+## 4. Модель `Race` (camelCase)
+
+| Поле | Тип | POST обяз. | PATCH | Описание |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `id` | string | да | — | Стабильный ключ, напр. `2026-05-03-kazan-marathon` |
+| `date` | string | да | да | `YYYY-MM-DD` |
+| `title` | string | да | да | Название забега |
+| `distanceKm` | number | да | да | Дистанция в км |
+| `status` | string \| null | нет | да | `"planned"` / `"completed"` |
+| `officialUrl` | string \| null | нет | да | URL организатора |
+| `startTime` | string \| null | нет | да | Время старта, напр. `"09:30"` |
+| `clusterSchedule` | string \| null | нет | да | Расписание кластеров |
+| `bibPickup` | string \| null | нет | да | Выдача номеров |
+| `bibNumber` | string \| null | нет | да | Стартовый номер |
+| `finishTime` | string \| null | нет | да | Финишное время `H:MM:SS` |
+| `notes` | string \| null | нет | да | Заметки |
+| `createdAt` | string | — | — | ISO timestamp (read-only) |
+| `updatedAt` | string \| null | — | — | ISO timestamp (read-only) |
+
+## 5. Фильтрация списка (`GET /races`)
+
+- **`year`** — целое число, фильтрует по `EXTRACT(YEAR FROM race_date)`.
+- **`month`** — целое число 1–12, фильтрует по `EXTRACT(MONTH FROM race_date)`.
+- Параметры можно комбинировать (`?year=2026&month=5`) или указывать по одному.
+- Без параметров — все забеги без ограничения (пагинация пока не реализована).
+- Если по фильтру нет результатов — пустой массив `[]`, статус `200`.
+
+## 6. Идемпотентность seed
+
+Seed-скрипт (`npm run seed` в `backend/`) выполняет **upsert** по полю `id` (`INSERT … ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE`). Источник данных — `import/races_2026_calendar.csv` из корня репозитория. Повторный запуск безопасен.
+
+## 7. Поведение при недоступной БД
+
+- `GET /health` — всегда `200` (не проверяет БД).
+- `GET /ready` — `503 { "error": "database_unavailable", "db": "disconnected" }`.
+- Все остальные маршруты — `503 { "error": "database_unavailable" }`.
+- В логах сервера: строка ошибки с контекстом маршрута.
diff --git a/docs/backend.md b/docs/backend.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d4af2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/backend.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Backend — эксплуатация
+
+## Стек
+
+- **Node.js LTS** + TypeScript
+- **Express** (HTTP-фреймворк)
+- **pg** (PostgreSQL клиент)
+- **csv-parse** (парсинг CSV для seed)
+
+## Быстрый старт
+
+### 1. Поднять PostgreSQL
+
+```bash
+# из корня проекта
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+Параметры подключения берутся из `.env` (см. `.env.example` в корне).
+
+### 2. Установить зависимости
+
+```bash
+cd backend
+npm install
+```
+
+### 3. Создать `.env`
+
+Скопировать `.env.example` из корня проекта и при необходимости отредактировать:
+
+```bash
+cp ../.env.example ../.env
+```
+
+### 4. Миграции
+
+```bash
+npm run db:migrate
+```
+
+Миграционный раннер — собственный скрипт `src/migrate.ts`:
+- хранит историю применённых файлов в таблице `_migrations`;
+- идемпотентный — повторный запуск не применяет уже выполненные миграции;
+- файлы миграций: `backend/migrations/*.sql`, применяются в алфавитном порядке.
+
+### 5. Seed (начальный набор данных)
+
+```bash
+npm run seed
+```
+
+- Читает `import/races_2026_calendar.csv` из корня репо.
+- Генерирует стабильный `id` в формате `{date}-{slug}`.
+- Выполняет **upsert** (`INSERT … ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE`) — безопасно для повторного запуска.
+
+### 6. Запуск API
+
+```bash
+npm run dev      # dev-режим через ts-node
+npm run build    # компиляция в dist/
+npm start        # запуск из dist/
+```
+
+API слушает порт из `API_PORT` (по умолчанию `3001`).
+
+## Переменные окружения
+
+| Переменная | Описание | По умолчанию |
+|---|---|---|
+| `DB_HOST` | Хост PostgreSQL | — (обязательна) |
+| `DB_PORT` | Порт PostgreSQL | — (обязательна) |
+| `DB_NAME` | Имя базы данных | — (обязательна) |
+| `DB_USER` | Пользователь БД | — (обязательна) |
+| `DB_PASSWORD` | Пароль БД | — (обязательна) |
+| `API_PORT` | Порт API-сервера | `3001` |
+| `CORS_ORIGIN` | Разрешённый origin для CORS | `http://localhost:5173` |
+
+При отсутствии любой из `DB_*` процесс падает при старте с сообщением `Missing required environment variable: <NAME>`.
+
+## Поведение при недоступной БД
+
+- **Старт сервера** — проходит успешно (env валидирован, Express слушает порт).
+- **`GET /health`** — всегда `200 { "status": "ok" }` (liveness, без обращения к БД).
+- **`GET /ready`** — пробует подключиться к БД; возвращает `200` если ОК, `503 { "error": "database_unavailable" }` если нет.
+- **Все остальные маршруты** при ошибке БД возвращают `503 { "error": "database_unavailable" }`.
+
+## Структура каталога
+
+```
+backend/
+├── migrations/
+│   └── 001_create_races.sql
+├── src/
+│   ├── config.ts          # загрузка и валидация env
+│   ├── db.ts              # pg Pool
+│   ├── index.ts           # точка входа Express
+│   ├── migrate.ts         # раннер миграций
+│   ├── seed.ts            # разовый импорт CSV
+│   ├── mappers/
+│   │   └── race.ts        # snake_case ↔ camelCase
+│   └── routes/
+│       ├── health.ts      # /health, /ready
+│       └── races.ts       # CRUD /races
+├── package.json
+└── tsconfig.json
+```